Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: A recurrent and atypical case in hemodialysis.
نویسندگان
چکیده
La leucoencefalopatía posterior reversible (LEPR) es un síndrome clínico-radiográfico descrito en 1996. Su patogénesis todavía no está clara y existen 2 teorías: 1) por hiperperfusión cerebral y 2) por intenso vasoespasmo1–3. Se asocia con HTA maligna, eclampsia y condiciones que coexisten en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) comoHTA, enfermedades vasculares o autoinmunes, inmunosupresores, eritropoyetina y trasplante2. Se han descrito más casos en mujeres, su presentación clínica incluye convulsiones (93%), alteraciones visuales (67%), pérdida de conciencia (53%) y cefalea (47%). Entre un 713% presentan: afasia, hemiplejia, hemiparesia o alteración mental1. En 2010, se publicó una gran serie de casos (113 adultos), y solo el 6% fueron recurrentes4, entre 2 semanas a 36 meses después del episodio inicial4,5. La RMN es el gold standard, muestra anormalidades simétricas parieto-occipitales de la sustancia blanca (edema subcortical o cortical), reversibles tras días o semanas de tratamiento1–5. Solo el rápido y adecuado control de los desencadenantes evita complicaciones irreversibles; en ocasiones deben administrarse antiepilépticos, anestesia general y ventilación mecánica, todavía no se ha confirmado que los corticoides disminuyan el edema vasogénico2. No existe asociación entre la severidad de la HTA y las secuelas5. Múltiples enfermedades deben considerarse dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales2 (tabla 1). Describimos un caso que por su inusual presentación clínica y, luego, recurrencia, nos parece de interés: Varón de 34 años, en HD con ERC secundaria a uropatía obstructiva (verummontanum). La HTA fue tratada con atenolol 50mg/día. Acude a urgencias por afasia y agitación. Presenta fiebre (38,8 C), TA: 232/124mmHg. Exploración física sin Tabla 1 – Diagnósticos diferenciales de la LEPR
منابع مشابه
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia
دوره 36 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016